Establishing elemental turnover in exercising birds using a wind tunnel : implications for stable isotope tracking of migrants
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چکیده
Stable isotope measurements are being used increasingly to track migratory wildlife, especially birds. This approach relies on the assumption that tissue isotopic values represent a known period of dietary integration and that such a period is long enough to provide information on previous geographic origin. To date, such measurements have been obtained by switching isotopic composition of diets of sedentary captive individuals. The assumption has been that such measurements of elemental turnover likely represent minimal estimates, since wild migratory birds undergo increased metabolism and exercise during migratory flights. We tested this assumption using isotopic manipulation of diet on captive Rosy Starling (Sturnus roseus (L., 1758)) conditioned for flight in a wind tunnel. We used four control (no exercise) and four experimental (exercised) birds. For both groups, diet was switched from primarily a C-3 content to a C-4 content and blood samples were taken throughout our experiment until day 53. Contrary to expectation, d13C values in blood did not follow an exponential model of growth to a plateau under the new diet. Instead, the best fit was a linear increase in d13C value of the blood cellular fraction following the switch (day 15) until day 50, after which no further isotopic change was noted. We found no difference between experimental and control groups in the rate of carbon turnover. Our results support the contention that metabolic costs of migratory flight in conditioned birds may not result in increases in carbon elemental turnover in tissues and that previous estimates of tissue isotopic turnover based on captive, nonexercised birds may be applied to wild birds. Résumé : Les mesures d’isotopes stables sont de plus en plus utilisées pour suivre les migrations de la faune sauvage, particulièrement celles des oiseaux. Cette méthodologie présuppose que les valeurs isotopiques des tissus représentent une période connue d’intégration alimentaire et que cette période est suffisamment longue pour fournir des renseignements sur l’origine géographique antérieure. À ce jour, de telles mesures s’obtiennent par la modification de la composition isotopique du régime alimentaire d’individus sédentaires captifs. On présuppose donc que de telles mesures de remplacement des éléments représentent vraisemblablement des estimations minimales, car les oiseaux sauvages migrateurs connaissent une augmentation du métabolisme et de l’exercice durant leurs vols de migration. Nous vérifions cette présupposition par manipulation isotopique du régime alimentaire chez des étourneaux roselins (Sturnus roseus (L., 1758)) en captivité, mais conditionnés pour le vol dans un tunnel aérodynamique. Nous avons utilisé quatre oiseaux témoins (sans exercice) et quatre oiseaux expérimentaux (soumis à l’exercice). Chez les deux groupes, nous avons modifié le régime alimentaire d’un contenu principalement de type C-3 à un contenu C-4 et nous avons prélevé des échantillons de sang au cours de l’expérience jusqu’au jour 53. Contrairement à nos attentes, sous le nouveau régime, les valeurs de d13C ne suivent pas un modèle exponentiel de croissance pour atteindre ensuite un plateau. Au contraire, le meilleur ajustement est celui d’une augmentation linéaire de la valeur de d13C dans la fraction cellulaire du sang après le changement de régime (jour 15) jusqu’au jour 50, après quoi on n’observe plus de variation isotopique. Il n’y a pas de différence de taux de remplacement du carbone entre le groupe expérimental et le groupe témoin. Nos résultats appuient l’assertion que les coûts du vol de migration chez des oiseaux conditionnés peuvent ne pas entraı̂ner d’augmentation du remplacement de l’élément carbone dans les tissus et que les estimations antérieures du remplacement des isotopes dans les tissus déterminées chez des oiseaux captifs non soumis à l’exercice peuvent être appliquées à des oiseaux sauvages.
منابع مشابه
Changes in blood stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N), plasma corticosterone and body mass in exercising birds using a wind tunnel
Blood stable isotope compositions in birds reflect the dietary isotopic signature at the time of the cellular blood synthesis. Several studies suggest that stable isotope ratios of some elements such as nitrogen (δ15N) can change in response to individual metabolic and physiological conditions. Using a wind tunnel experiment we tested if endurance flight in birds alters the metabolic state and ...
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تاریخ انتشار 2017